Skip to main content

Steamdry

Industrial Accelerator Act: A boost for low carbon, ‘Made in Europe’ process industries

The European Commission’s new Industrial Accelerator Act (IAA) is a clear signal that Europe intends to couple industrial competitiveness with climate ambition. The proposal aims to strengthen Europe’s manufacturing base, reduce dependence on non‑EU suppliers and scale up clean technologies, especially in energy‑intensive sectors such as steel, chemicals, paper and other process industries. By rewarding low‑carbon, “Made in EU” solutions and streamlining permitting for strategic industrial projects, the IAA seeks to accelerate investments that keep value creation, jobs and know‑how in Europe.

For SteamDry, this policy shift directly echoes our core mission: enabling radically more energy‑ and resource‑efficient drying processes for web‑like materials such as paper, board, tissue and nonwovens. Drying is among the most energy‑consuming steps in these value chains; reducing its energy demand and associated emissions is essential if European manufacturers are to stay both competitive and on track with climate targets. By developing and demonstrating superheated steam drying (SSD) as a high‑efficiency alternative to conventional drying, SteamDry offers exactly the kind of transformative process innovation that the Industrial Accelerator Act is designed to support.

Decarbonising a key industrial bottleneck

In paper and board production, drying can account for a major share of total energy use and CO₂ emissions across the line. Traditional drying systems are often constrained by efficiency limits and fossil energy inputs, making it difficult for mills to significantly cut emissions without compromising productivity or incurring very high costs. At the same time, rising energy prices and stricter climate policies are putting pressure on producers to modernise their assets and improve performance.

SteamDry addresses this bottleneck by advancing superheated steam drying technology that can drastically reduce the energy intensity of drying while maintaining or even improving product quality. By using superheated steam instead of hot air, SSD can recover and reuse heat more effectively, enabling substantial energy savings and lower specific CO₂ emissions. This kind of step‑change in process efficiency directly supports the IAA’s objective to prioritise low‑carbon technologies in energy‑intensive industries and to make European plants leaders in clean production.

Supporting ‘Made in Europe’ industrial competitiveness

The Industrial Accelerator Act places strong emphasis on strengthening European production capacity and rewarding solutions that are developed and manufactured in Europe. For process industries such as pulp and paper, this means that technologies which can be deployed in European mills—improving their cost position and emissions profile—are strategically important. Keeping these industries competitive is not only about avoiding carbon leakage; it is also about safeguarding local employment, regional value chains and industrial know‑how.

SteamDry contributes to this goal by focusing on solutions that can be integrated into existing or new European production lines. By targeting high energy savings and reduced operating costs, SSD has the potential to help mills remain economically viable while meeting increasingly stringent climate and sustainability requirements. This alignment between industrial performance, climate action and European value creation mirrors the core logic of the IAA: public policies and private investments should reinforce each other to build a resilient, future‑proof industrial base in the EU.

Enabling faster deployment through innovation and integration

A key challenge for industrial decarbonisation is not only developing new technologies, but also integrating them into complex production systems with minimal disruption and risk. This is where SteamDry’s broader innovation approach becomes particularly relevant. The project does not focus solely on the drying technology itself; it also works on digital tools, process integration strategies and control concepts that help optimise SSD within real‑world industrial environments.

By supporting smarter, more integrated process control, SteamDry makes it easier for manufacturers to plan, deploy and operate advanced drying systems in practice. This is fully consistent with the Industrial Accelerator Act’s intent to accelerate clean‑tech deployment by reducing barriers, clarifying investment signals and promoting technologies that are ready for industrial‑scale application. In this way, SteamDry serves as a concrete example of how Horizon Europe research can feed into the implementation of broader EU industrial and climate policy.

A role model for clean, resilient process industries

The Industrial Accelerator Act sets out a direction: a more resilient, “Made in Europe” industrial base that leads on low‑carbon production rather than following global trends. SteamDry shows what this can look like in practice for process industries that rely heavily on thermal energy. By combining cutting‑edge drying technology with a strong focus on implementation in real industrial contexts, the project helps create a pathway for mills and manufacturers to cut emissions, lower energy use and remain competitive from Europe, for Europe.

As discussions around the Act continue, projects like SteamDry will be crucial in demonstrating that ambitious climate policies and robust industrial performance can reinforce each other. Superheated steam drying is not just a technical upgrade; it is part of a broader shift towards cleaner, smarter and more resilient process industries that embody the spirit of Europe’s new industrial agenda.

World Energy Efficiency Day: How SteamDry cuts the hidden Energy of Industrial Drying

Every year on 5 March, World Energy Efficiency Day reminds us that the cleanest and cheapest energy is the energy we do not need to use. For SteamDry, this is a perfect moment to focus on one of industry’s “blind spots” for energy consumption: the drying of continuous web‑like materials such as paper, nonwovens and wood‑based products.​

What is celebrated on 5 March?

World Energy Efficiency Day has been marked since 1998, following an international meeting on rational energy use held in Austria, where 5 March was proposed as a global awareness date. Since then, it has been used to promote policies, technologies and behaviour changes that allow us to do the same (or more) with less energy, cutting costs and emissions without sacrificing quality of life or industrial competitiveness.

A global challenge: producing more with less energy

Worldwide, electricity demand continues to rise as we electrify transport, industry and digital services. Energy efficiency is the “first fuel” that helps curb this growth: in decarbonisation scenarios, efficiency improvements deliver a major share of the reduction in energy use and emissions, especially in energy‑intensive sectors like pulp and paper, chemicals and steel.

In Europe, the manufacturing of paper and paper products consumes hundreds of petajoules per year and relies heavily on heat for processes such as drying. That makes efficiency in drying a key lever for meeting climate targets while keeping the European industry competitive.​​

Drying: the big hidden consumer

Drying processes for web‑like materials are responsible for a very large share of thermal energy use in several industries. The SteamDry vision roadmap estimates annual drying energy demand in Europe at approximately:​

  • ~400 PJ per year in paper and board.
  • 1.4–2.2 PJ in wetlaid nonwovens.
  • 70–140 PJ in wood materials (panels, veneer, etc.).​

In many paper and board mills, drying alone accounts for more than 60% of total process heat demand. Conventional technologies – steam‑heated cylinder dryers, hot‑air impingement, through‑air (TAD) and infrared – typically use around 1,070–1,800 kWh of heat per tonne of paper in the drying section, often supplied by fossil‑fired boilers or direct gas‑fired air heaters.​

What SteamDry brings to energy efficiency

SteamDry (“Superheated steam drying for sustainable and recyclable web‑like materials”) is a Horizon Europe project (GA 101137906) designed to rethink how paper, nonwovens and certain wood products are dried. Its objectives include:​

  • Developing a high‑efficiency drying technology.
  • Achieving a CO₂‑emission‑free drying process.
  • Piloting superheated steam drying (SSD) for representative products.
  • Implementing advanced (AI‑supported) control systems and digitalisation.
  • Assessing environmental, techno‑economic and business impacts.​

The core is superheated steam drying (SSD), which replaces hot air in the dryer hood with circulating superheated steam in a closed loop. Steam is heated above its boiling point, passes through the dryer and mixes with the vapour coming from the product; part of this steam is then condensed to recover useful high‑temperature heat for other process steps, while the rest is reheated and reused. This allows SteamDry to:​

  • Improve heat transfer and reduce net energy consumption.
  • Minimise stack losses and recover high‑grade heat.
  • Eliminate direct combustion emissions in drying when energy input is electric and low‑carbon.​

How much can be saved?

Modelling work in SteamDry shows that for conductive cylinder dryers, combining SSD with advanced heat recovery, high‑temperature heat pumps and steam compression can reduce thermal energy demand by more than 50% compared with a reference case without heat integration. For impingement and TAD dryers, superheated steam enables optimisation of steam temperature, mass flow and heat recovery to balance efficiency, dryer compactness and integration with the plant’s overall energy system.​

Given that drying in paper and board alone accounts for around 400 PJ per year in Europe, out of roughly 650 PJ used in total for paper and paper products, the system‑level savings potential is very large. Additional savings are possible in nonwovens and wood‑based panels, where drying can represent up to 70% of process energy and specific heat demands between 0.8 and 2.7 MWh per tonne of product.​

A roadmap for the coming decade

The SteamDry roadmap describes a path from 2024 onwards, moving through laboratory, pilot, demo and flagship phases. During the project, partners develop critical elements such as leakage‑free sealing, steam purification, mechanical vapour compression, heat‑integration concepts and advanced control systems, both for rebuilds and new machines. Beyond the current project, the vision foresees larger demonstration lines and the first commercial‑scale retrofits towards the end of this decade.​

Renewables Lead the Way: Energy Trends in the EU Pulp and Paper Industry (2019–2023)

New data from Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union, reveals a notable transformation in the energy mix of Europe’s pulp and paper industry. Over the past five years, the sector has not only reduced its total energy consumption but has also accelerated its shift toward renewable energy sources—most significantly in the manufacture of paper products.

This article highlights the key findings from Eurostat’s most recent update on final energy consumption in industry, with a focus on the pulp and paper segments. It examines the fuel mix evolution between 2019 and 2023 and outlines what these changes mean for the future of sustainable manufacturing in Europe.

Overview of Industrial Energy Use in the EU

In 2023, total final energy consumption in the EU’s industrial sector stood at 8,990 petajoules (PJ), a decrease of 5.3% from 2022, according to Eurostat. This continued a longer-term downward trend, driven by rising energy efficiency, structural shifts in production, and the broader economic context.

The industrial energy mix remains dominated by electricity (32.6%) and natural gas (31.3%), with renewables and biofuels steadily increasing their share to 11.2% in 2023.

Focus: Pulp and Paper Industry

The paper, pulp, and printing industry accounted for 14.3% of final energy consumption in EU industry in 2023, totaling 1,225 PJ. The energy use patterns within this industry vary significantly depending on the type of production activity.

Manufacture of Pulp

In pulp manufacturing, the sector continues to rely heavily on bio-based fuels. In 2023, renewables and biofuels supplied 302.5 PJ, accounting for 70.3% of total energy consumption in this sub-sector. This long-standing dominance is largely due to the use of black liquor and wood residues for combined heat and power generation within integrated pulp mills.

Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products (Excluding Pulp)

In a major development, renewables and biofuels became the largest single energy source in the manufacture of paper and paper products (excluding pulp) for the first time in 2023. With 246.8 PJ consumed, they accounted for 33.9% of the energy mix, surpassing both electricity (32.6%) and natural gas (20.3%).

Five-Year Trends: 2019–2023

From 2019 to 2023, the pulp and paper sector has demonstrated clear momentum toward a more sustainable energy profile:

  • Overall industrial energy use declined steadily, reflecting both demand-side efficiency and structural changes.
  • Renewables and biofuels increased their share across the board, particularly in paper production.
  • Electricity remains a vital part of the energy mix, but its share has been matched or overtaken by renewables in certain sub-sectors.
  • Natural gas usage declined, influenced by fuel switching and increased energy costs in recent years.

What’s Driving the Shift?

  1. Biomass Utilization in Pulp Mills
    Pulp production has long benefited from self-generated bioenergy through the combustion of black liquor and biomass waste, making it a frontrunner in renewable energy use within industry.
  2. Decarbonization and Energy Transition Policies
    European energy policy, including the Renewable Energy Directive and Emissions Trading System (ETS), has encouraged the use of renewables, especially in heat-intensive sectors like paper manufacturing.
  3. Strategic Investments by Industry
    Manufacturers are investing in biomass boilers, recovery systems, and electrification technologies to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and meet tightening emissions regulations.

Energy Mix in Paper and Pulp: 2023 Snapshot

Sub-sector

Energy Source

Share of Final Energy Use

Manufacture of pulp

Renewables and biofuels

70.3% (302.5 PJ)

Paper and paper products (excl. pulp)

Renewables and biofuels

33.9% (246.8 PJ)

Paper and paper products (excl. pulp)

Electricity

32.6% (236.9 PJ)

Paper and paper products (excl. pulp) Natural gas

20.3% (147.3 PJ)